On the history of the question of whether natural language is “illogical”

Barbara H Partee
University of Massachusetts Amherst

There have been centuries of study of logic and of language. Some philosophers and logicians have argued that natural language is logically deficient, or even that “natural language has no logic”. And before the birth of formal semantics in the late 1960’s, most linguists and philosophers were agreed that there was a considerable mismatch between the syntactic structure of natural language sentences and their “logical form”. The logician and philosopher Richard Montague argued that natural languages do have a very systematic semantic structure, but that it can be understood only if one uses a rich enough logic to mirror the rich syntactic structure of natural languages. This essay briefly sketches the history of arguments about the relation between natural language syntax and logical structure, concentrating on the period from Frege to Montague, roughly 1880 to 1970, illustrating the issues with sentences containing quantifiers.

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Posted in 20th century, Article, History, Linguistics, Logical form, Semantics

Gabelentz — Grammatiker einer Sprache ohne Grammatik

Kennosuke Ezawa
Ost-West-Gesellschaft fĂŒr Sprach- und Kulturforschung e. V., Berlin

In der Wissenschaft gilt ein Modell von dem Gegegenstand, der erklÀrt werden soll, nur solange, bis es nicht mehr taugt.

Bei der so genannten Chomskyschen Revolution in der Linguistik Mitte der 1950-er Jahre ging es darum, nach dem Versagen der strukturellen Beschreibung der Sprache im Bereich der Syntax den Gesichtspunkt umzukehren und vom intuitiven Wissen des Sprechers und Hörers auszugehen und die Erzeugung statt der Beschreibung von SĂ€tzen als „generatives“ Modell der Grammatik einzufĂŒhren.

Georg von der Gabelentz, der 1881 seine „Chinesische Grammatik“ vorlegte, ging es darum, die chinesische Sprache als Gegenstand der Grammatik erst zu erschließen, nachdem die damaligen, an den indogermanischen Sprachen orientierten Sprachwissenschaftler versagt hatten, es zu tun, weil dieser Sprache morphologische Elemente (Deklinations- und Konjugationsformen u. a.), an denen sie sich sonst in der grammatischen Beschreibung einer Sprache orientierten, gĂ€nzlich fehlten. „Eine Sprache ohne Grammatik“ sollte eine Grammatik erhalten.

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Posted in 19th century, Article, Germany, History

Philosophy of linguistics: the phenomenological perspective

Lei Zhu
Shanghai International Studies University

Philosophy of linguistics is a special branch of the philosophy of science which focuses on linguistics, the scientific study of language. It was formally established in the last decades of the 20th century after the Chomskyan revolution, and has been under the influence of analytic philosophy since then. Its concern for the foundations of linguistics, however, is not unique to analytic philosophy, but is shared by phenomenology, although discussions on linguistics in the latter tradition are scattered in various works and almost never appear under the title ‘philosophy of linguistics’. The following is a very brief summary of what phenomenologists have contributed to the philosophical understanding of linguistics.

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Posted in Article, Phenomenology, Philosophy

Program April–July

Welcome to History and Philosophy of the Language Sciences! This is a new blog devoted to exploring and promoting the incredible diversity that exists in the study of language, both in the past and today. We publish a new post every Wednesday, with an invitation to all readers to join in the discussion through comments. Our program for the first fourteen weeks can be seen below. To find out more about us, see our ‘About’ text (in English, French and German).

We are now preparing our second program, for the period July–September. If you would like to write a post for us in this period, please get in touch. Our contact details and guidelines are included in the ‘About’ text.

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Posted in Programs

Upcoming events


19-21 November 2026
Sofia (Bulgaria)
La linguistique ‘fonctionnelle’ cent ans aprùs la fondation du Cercle linguistique de Prague


10-11 December 2026
Paris (France)
Language, Norm, and Society: The Prague Linguistic Circle (1926-2026) in the Face of Contemporary Challenges


6-9 January 2027
San Francisco (United States)
NAAHoLS 2027


28-29 January 2027
Paris (France)
SHESL Conference 2027
History of terminology – Diachronic terminology The emergence of a terminological conscienceness


31 March–3 April 2027
Vigo (Spain), Vila Real (Portugal)
13th International Conference on Missionary Linguistics


9-11 June 2027
Aubervilliers (France)
SHESL Conference
Esperanto – 140 years: this is no longer a project


16–19 June 2027
Flensburg (Germany)
Language abuse and language criticism in the history of linguistics


23-27 August 2027
NiterĂłi, Rio de Janeiro (Brazil)
ICHoLS XVII