Barbara H Partee
University of Massachusetts Amherst
There have been centuries of study of logic and of language. Some philosophers and logicians have argued that natural language is logically deficient, or even that ânatural language has no logicâ. And before the birth of formal semantics in the late 1960âs, most linguists and philosophers were agreed that there was a considerable mismatch between the syntactic structure of natural language sentences and their âlogical formâ. The logician and philosopher Richard Montague argued that natural languages do have a very systematic semantic structure, but that it can be understood only if one uses a rich enough logic to mirror the rich syntactic structure of natural languages. This essay briefly sketches the history of arguments about the relation between natural language syntax and logical structure, concentrating on the period from Frege to Montague, roughly 1880 to 1970, illustrating the issues with sentences containing quantifiers.