Sven Staffeldt
University of WĂŒrzburg
1. The modernity of the ancestors

Georg von der Gabelentz
(Ezawa & Vogel 2013, 28)
There is a trend in linguistics â or maybe even in general â to reclaim the works of older authors. Older authors are sometimes used as sources of information for finding the origin of certain schools of thinking or the origin of particular assumptions. For example, feminist linguistics sees its origin in repeatedly cited parts of Fritz Mauthnerâs (esp. Mauthner: 31923, 56-61) and Otto Jespersenâs (esp. Jespersen: 1925, 220-238) works (cf. Samel: 22000, 27). In phonetics and phonology reference is sometimes made to Sievers (51901) to explain tenseness as a phonetic feature (cf. Chomsky/Halle: 1968, 324 f.).
Sometimes older authors are rediscovered in their own right. The slogan that would sum up such rediscoveries is: âThat has been said (or written) before (by the ancestors).â For example, Hermann Paul plays a major role in recent developments in cognitive semantics, as described by Dirk Geeraerts:
Paulâs usage-based model of semantic change fits seamless in any contemporary view on the dialectic relationship between semantics and pragmatics; and the regular patterns of metaphor and metonymy investigated in cognitive semantics may sometimes be found almost literally in the older literature.
(Geeraerts: 2010, 277)
Speech act theory can also be traced back to older authors. A major candidate for being a predecessor is Karl BĂŒhler (BĂŒhler: 1934), who is one of the most important sources of information for pragmatics as a whole. Besides BĂŒhler, there are other potential candidates: Cloeren (1988) identifies 19th century German language critics as the predecessors of speech act theory. According to Burkhardt, legal philosopher Reinach (1921) developed a theory of social acts, anticipating speech act theory:
ZunĂ€chst soll jedoch die in ihren Umrissen skizzierte Geschichte der Sprechakttheorie um eine Position ergĂ€nzt werden, die wesentliche Aspekte der sprechakttheoretischen Betrachtung bereits vorwegnimmt und bisher fast völlig unbeachtet geblieben ist. Es handelt sich um die âTheorie der sozialen Akteâ des Rechtsphilosophen und Husserl-SchĂŒlers Adolf Reinach, die â neben ihrer philologischen Bedeutung â geeignet ist, einige Probleme der Sprechakttheorie in neuem Lichte anzugehen.
(Burkhardt: 1986, 10)
(First of all, the history of speech act theory sketched here should be completed by a position that anticipates major aspects of speech act theory and that has gone more or less unnoticed. It is the âtheory of social actsâ of Adolf Reinach, legal philosopher and disciple of Husserl, which, alongside its philological importance, can be applied to see some of the problems of speech act theory in a new light.)
In this post, we do not intend to rediscover Georg von Gabelentz as yet another predecessor of the speech act theory of J.L. Austin and J.R. Searle. Nevertheless, it is interesting to see if and to what degree speech act theory is foreshadowed in Gabelentz (2016/1891). The higher the degree of foreshadowing, the less clearly we can speak of a sudden pragmatic shift, coming out of nowhere, radically breaking with long-standing positions. Rather, pragmatic ideas, descriptions and claims had been in the wind for a long time and the pragmatic shift did not come out of nowhere.
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